• James Henry Chapman (1852 - 1901)
    The paternal relationship between James Henry Chapman and his son Daniel Edward Chapman is confirmed by the direct inheritance path of autosomal DNA down to their DNA tested descendant BC.

    The segmental (via DNA segment triangulation) and total DNA shared between BC and other confirmed descendants of James Chapman/Ruth Bertha Hammer is consistent with the expected ranges for their respective relationships. Since BC descends from James Chapman/Ruth Bertha Hammer through James Henry Chapman and his son Daniel Edward Chapman, the presence of significant shared DNA between BC and other known descendants of James Chapman/Ruth Bertha Hammer validates the generational links along this paternal line.

    This supports the conclusion that DNA was passed from MRCA couple James Chapman/Ruth Bertha Hammer through James Henry Chapman to Daniel Edward Chapman, and ultimately to BC, confirming this direct ancestral connection through multiple generations.